Telegraph system.



G. R. UNDBRHILL. TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.25, 1904. 1,108,529. Paten ed Aug. 25, 1914 9 SKEETE-SHEET 1.

Wzi'nesa'esa 0. R. UNDERHILL. TELEGRAPH SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED AUQ.25, 1904.

1,108,529. Patented Aug. 25, 1914 9 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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G. R. UNDERHILL. TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.26, 1904. 1,1 08,529.v Patented Aug. 25,- 191 IIIHI G. R. UNDBRHILL.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 25, 1-904 Patented Aug. 25, 1914.

0 SHEETS-HERB! 8.

G. R. UNDBRHILL.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM. APPLIQA'HOI FILED we. 25 1904.

Patented Aug. 25, 191

9 SIIBETS-BHEET 9.

Witnesses."

UNITED strntrns PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES R. UNDERHILL, 0F ".PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR T0 UNDERHILL TELEGRAPH TRANSLATOR COMPANY, OF'JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORA- TION OF NEW JERSEY To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, C ARLES R. UNDER- nnm, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Providence, in the county of Providence and State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telegraph Systems, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a telegraph system, and particularly'to a wireless telegraph system. Its main object is to provide an improved means for transmitting signals of a signal-code system and converting them into corresponding characters of another system, and particularly to transmit signalcode characters through a natural medium and convert them into charafi :rs of another system, such as letters, figures, etc., of a language. a i

M y present invention is in the nature of an. improvement upon that shown, described and claimed in the patent granted to me August 2, 190%,No. 766,474, for a receiving telegraph instrument capable of translating the characters of a telegraph code into letters, figures, and Words by the analysis of the signal mponents of the code characters sent and the translation ofthese into representative movements or functions capable of forming a plurality of different combinations each corresponding to a different letter, figure or other language character.

This invention is also in the nature of an improvement upon that shown. described and claimed in the application filed by me August l, 1904, Ser. No. 219,541, for improven'ients in the art of and apparatus for elcctri -al signaling, in which there is disclosed a method of transmitting electrically the signals of a telegraph code and converting elements of the signals sent into'modified signal elements at the receiving station, the particular object of such invention being to permit the transmission through a natural medium of interrupted electrical disturbances or vibrations in the form of signals and. the translation of such interrupted signals into continuous signals-such as con-- tinuous dots and dashes-mt the receiving point. The invention set forth in said application does not, however, provide specifically for the transmission of signals of a signalcode system through a natural medium and Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed August -25, 1904. Serial No. 222,041.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

Patented Aug. 25, 1914;.

the translation of such signals into corresponding characters of another systemsuch for example as the characters of languagebut only provides specifically for the translation of such characters into modified signals of the same system, that is, into modified electrical signals.

As to the principal feature thereof, this invention is an improvement upon both of those set forth in said prior patent and application, in that it extends and combines the principle of translation of signals into letters and Words set forth in said patent, and the principle of translating interrupted vibrations or wireless signals into continuous electrical signals suitable for transmission on telegraph line Wires, and permits the application of these combined principles to the purposes of wireless telegraphy and the utilization of these tivo principlesof translation for the purpose of first convert ing the interrupted disturbances or vibrations constituting Wireless signals into inodiv lied or continuous signals capable of operating instruments in ordinary telegraphic line-Wire circuits, and then converting such modified or continuous signals into corre sponding letters, figures, etc. By combining these principles I am enabled by means of a system such as is disclosed herein, and particularly by the use o3? a receiving instrument of the type illustrated, to transmit Wireless messages by means of Wireless transmitting apparatus of Well-known types and print such messages either at the main receiving station-or at any number of substations near to or remote from the main sta tion and connected therewith by the line wires of ordinary land lines.

The principal means which renders it possible to convert wireless signals into letters, figures. etc, is a receiving instrument substantially'of the type disclosed in my said prior patent, that is, it is a translating re ceiver controlled by combinations of signals representing the respective code characters of a telegraphic code and controlling by analysis and synthesis the selection of de- ,vices representing the characters of ordiinstrument. The operation .of'.such a receiving instrument as that set forth in said patent is dependent upon the analysis of the telegraphic code characters and the conversion of the components or signals of these code characters into representative functionsor movements, the sumof which movements for any code character represents, and controls the selection of, a corresponding letter, figure or other language character. An important feature, however, which'distingnishes my improved receiving 1 instrument from-that disclosed in said prior patent is that each series of signals contamed in a code character, beginning with the first signal of the character, has a char- I acteristic movement, these movements being of successively increasing values for the different series of signals, Because of this every code character representing a letter, figure, etc, is instantly convertible into another and different character selected by adding to the sum of the movements representing the first code character a movement representing the additional. signalfielement 'of such other code character.

The machine used in the present system, as Well as that disclosed in my prior patent,

is preferably one inwhich the selection of. each letter, figure or other character of. the

language into Which the telegraphic signals are to be convertedis determined by the number of signal components each code characten by the value of each such-component, and by .the position of each component with respect to the others of its code character. In the ordinary telegraphic codes, most of the code characters are composed of combinations of two electric signals separated by.breaks in the circuit, these two signals being of different values, that is, having different time-constants. In the Morse code two other electrical signals are used, and messages transmitted by the Morse system have four different electrical signals the time-constants of which are of four different values, each of which signals, in my. invention, is utilized to control a different function or movement, eachv of which functions or movements is the representative of its particular electrical signal. These func tions or movements have such relative values that when they are combined each combination will have a different characteristic or value from every other and will be representative of a different letter, figure or other character of the language intowhich the "code characters are to betranslated. Each of these electrical signal components of the code characters is preferably'represented by a different character-selecting component, and the character-selecting components will usually'be arranged in rows or groupswhich rowsorjgroups correspond in number to-the maximum number of signal components of any" of "the code characters, the maximum number of signal-components in any character of the Morse code being six, whet-her such components be dots or dashes or a combination of dots and dashes' For the purpose of choosing character-selecting components corresponding to the positions of the electrical signal components constituting the different code characters, a selector is preferably employed which has a traveling or step-by-step ihovement, the subdivisions 'or steps of which movement correspond to the periods or positions of the difierentsignals of the code characters. This selecfor will be returned to its normal or zero position after the reception of each code character,- regardless of the number of signals'constituting such code. character, and

hence regardless of the number of steps such selector has advanced. In order that a telegraphic me'ssagemay be properly translated into corresponding language characters, .words and sentences, it is important to consider the complementary or non-electrical components of the code-charactersthat is,

the breaks in the circuit between the dashes, etc.- --and to consider the relative Values of these breaks, and in my system the lengths" or time-constants of these breaks are employed to govern the selection of such space or other device as it may be necessary to operate in order properly to saturate letters, words and sentences. I therefore employ as the preferred means for translating into language characters telegraphic'messages sent either through a natural or an artificial medium, a

receiving instrument containing selecting means having two sets of opposite or reciprocal functlons, onefunction -be1ng '-9he control or selection of one or more devices governed by one signal element and by the time-constants thereof, and the other function being. the control or selection of one or more devices governed by the complementary signal element and by the time- -constants thereof, every function or operat1on necessary to the analysisof atelegraphic message and to the conversion "of it into terms of language being governed in substantiallythe manner disclosed in said priorj'patent by someone of these reciprocal and difi'erential controlling or selecting func ;tions of a translating receiver operable by every combination of signals capable of be ins; telegraphically transmitted to represent amessage. ';Otl1er features of the present invention relate to improvements in the analytic mechanism for. separating the various code characters into their constituent elements;

to synthetic mechanism for choosing charactor-selecting components corresponding to such constituent elements'or components of the code characters received, and for,combining such character-selecting components to incense determine the selection of a letter, figure or other. language character corresponding to the code character received; to means for controlling various electric circuits and elec trically controlled elements of the receiving instrument; and to certain other combinations of devices-all of which will be hereinafter described and claimed and are illustrated in. the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a plan of an improved. receiving telegraph instrument embodying means for effecting two translations of the transmitted signals, first into modified signals of a similar, character, and second into characters of another system. Fig. 2 is an enlarged plan, partly in section, of the synthetic mechanism of such receiving instrument. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of said synthetiomechanism, looking'from the left in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the same, the section being taken in the line A-A, :Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the same, the section being taken in the line B-B, Fig". 2, looking in the same direction. Fig. 6 is a transverse section of thesame, the section being taken in the line CC, Fig. 2, through the printing mechanism and look-- ing in the same direction. Fig. 7 is an underside view of the selecting means controlling the selection of characters represented by the longest electrical signal elements in the Morse code. Fig. 8 isa sectional detail of certain parts which will hereafter be described, the section being taken in the line DD, F ig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 9 is a detail, partly in section, of a portion'of the printing mechanism and the parts associated therewith, the upper portion of the synthetic mechanism being removed for clearness. Fig. 10 is a detail illustrating in longitudinal section and elevation various elements of the synthetic mechanism and the devices for controlling the movements thereof, the section beingtaken in, the line EE, Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 11 is a detail of a portion of the escapement mechanism for imparting a step-by-step movement to the main selector, one movement for each impulse of a code character. Fig. 12 is an enlarged plan of the analytic mechanism. Fig. 1.3 is an elevation of the same, looking from the left in Fig. 12.

the underside in Fig. 12. Fig. 15 is a detail illustrating the contacts representing the time-constants of complementary signal elements or components of different lengths. Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the positions of the character-selecting components of the synthetic mechanism and the combinations corresponding to letters, figures and other language characters. Fig. 17

Fig. 14 is a sec-v tional elevation of the same, looking from.

and any suitable means responsive to such signals may be employed at'the receiving station. In this-figure 1 and 2 represent the usual antennae or corresponding elements at the transmitting and receivlng stations respectively. At the transmitting-station there will be provided suitable means for producing andtransmitting in the form of signals artificially formed electrical impulses, vibrations 'ordisturbances, the devices shown being a transmitting key 3 connected in circuit with a source of energy or battery t and with an induction-coil 5 having the usual vibratory circuit-maker-and-breaker 6, a condenser 7 and the usual spark-gap 8 between a pair of spheres. At the receiving station there is employed a device responsive to electrical impulses, vibrations or disturbances transmitted through a natural medium, the devite shown herein being the usual coherer 9 connected with the antenna 2 and with ground and controlling a loealcircuit including a source of energy, usually a single cell 10, said circuit also having therein .a relay magnet 11 which governs one or more other local circuits by means of which the receiving apparatus proper is operated. The relay magnet 11 operates .a switch 12 governing an electric circuit containing a source of energy or battery 13, this circuit including in' the present case a controlling device such as the relay magnet 14. This relay magnet in turn governs the operation of a circuit-controller or switch 15, which in the present construction is adapted to con trol a pair of contacts, such as 16 and 1.7, and thus control the circuits of a pair of controlling devices, one of which is a decohering device, such as the tapper l8, and the other of which is a. relay magnet 19 for controlling the operation of suitable means for translating electrical signals of one character into modified electrical signals, this modification beingpreferably efiected, as before indicated, by converting interrupted electrical vibrations representing dots or dashes of a telegraphic code into continuous signals, that is, continuous dots and dashes. It will be noticed that the decohering device 18 and the relay magnet 19 for controlling the first translating means are in this construction connected in parallel branches of the same circuit, which circuit contains a suitable source of energy or battery 20. The arrangement of the branches of this circuit is similar to that shownin my prior application before referred toexcept as to the-closing of the breaks for the two parallel branches of the circuit. In all of the circuits thus far described and in all the elements contained therein up to and including the .relay magnet 19, the signals are of the same general character that is to say, they are formed by impulses of varied electrical character, the variation being introduced by the vibratory interruptions separating successive electrical vibrations. v

In wireless telegraph systems as heretofore operated the signals sent are made up of interrupted electrical vibrations, and

. these signals are received and recorded sub to convert the transmitted signals into signals of different character,'this conversion being eiiected, when the signals sent are made up of electrical vibrations, by eliminating from'the receiving apparatus all the i element which has made it possible for me operations ordinarily resulting from vibratory interruptions in the transmitted signals. This modification or elimination of certain signal elements constitutes the first translation of the signals transmitted and may be efi'ected'in various ways, but I prefer to employ at the receiving station 'means for closing a local circuit each time that an electrical vibration is received, that is, each time that the receiving apparatus responds to a transmitted electrical vibration, and to maintain such local circuit closed during the ivices are a simple means for accomplishing {this result and are capable of efi'ecting such ,translation' in the most desirable manner InOW known to applicant. shown comprise a switch which is electri time interval represented by the vibratory interruption which follows an electrical vibration. By controlling a local circuit at the receiving point in this manner all vibratory interruptions of the circuit may be eliminated from the signals received, and by selection all interruptions-in the trans mitted signals of longer duration than the vibratory interruptions may be reproduced in the local circuit. Thus, for example, if characters of the Morse or other telegraphic code are being'transmitted,'the' dots, dashes, etc., of such code will usually be broken up, and each dash (and sometimes each dot) will consist of a series of smaller dashes or dots separated by breaks, these smaller dashes or dots representing the electrical vibrations transmitted and the breaks representing the vibratory interruptions. Such .a series of vibrations and vibratory interruptions constituting a dash will have a determined time-constant, just as in telegraphing with wires the dots and dasheshave new-2s determined time-constants which difier from v each other or from one another; and inwireless telegraphy the tin1e-c0nstant of each dot or dash element of a signal, and the time constant of each break following a dot or suitable means for holding a local circuit closed during the time interval represented by, a vibratory interruption of an electrical impulse and for causing such local circuit to be opened when the interruption is of longer duration, each series ofelectrical vibrations and vibratory interruptions representing a dash (or a dot) may be reproduced in the local circuit as a continuous electrical impulse having a time-constant equal or corresponding to the sum of the time- I constants of the series of electrical vibrations and vibratory interruptions transmitted.

The means for converting or translating each series of electrical vibrations and vibratory'interruptions transmitted from one point to a distant point into a corresponding f signal of a different electrical character is the principal element which has'made it possible to apply the translating principle disclosed in my aforesaid patent to' wireless telegraphy, and is therefore the principal to produce a wireless telegraph system capable of transmitting rapidly-interrupted ieleetrical vibrations in the form of signals ;and.converting them into, and recording 1 them as, letters, figures and other characters of language. :Eresent but one of the various means that The devices shown herein repmay be employed for automatically converting or translating electrical signals of one character into corresponding electrical signals of a different character, but such de- The devices cally operated in one direction by the electrical impulse. received and is operated in another direction and at a different rate of speed by independent means.

only on the interruption of an electrical signal. I prefer to impart a return stroke to the switch by coupling it'intermittently to acontinuously movable driver,.such as a contmuously-rotative driver, movable' at a The switch shown constitutes 1n thls constructlon one.

substantially constant speed, the switch and the driver being coupled in such a manner that the pull or": the magnet will be efilective to release the switch instantly from the driver when the magnet is energized, and the rotary driver being so combined with the switch as to begirf to operate the latter immediately on the deenergization of the magnet. This will be better understood by referring to Figs. 1 and 17, in which 21 represents the armature of the relay magnet 19, which magnet, as before stated, governs the operation of the first translating mechanism. This armature is, secured in this case to one arm of an angle-lever 22 pivoted about the axis 23 of a rotary driver 24-, which in this case is a wori'n-gear forming the terminal member of a train of worm gearing driven from a common driver 25, which will be rotated in one direction at a substantially constant speed by any suitable means, this driver being preferably the armature-shaft of a smallelectric motor 26, the direction of rotation of such armature shaft being indicated in Fig. l by an arrow. The initial member of the train of worm gearing opererated by this main driver 25 is a worm 27 and the intermediate elements are a worm gear 28 in mesh with the worm 27, and the worm 29 in mesh with the worm gear 24. The object of this gearing is to reduce the speed of tue main driver 25 to a very slow rotary movement of the worm gear 24- Wllill which the angle-lever 22 directly eoacts.

he angle-arm or lever 22 constitutes one element of a switch the main member of which is a spring-arm 30, preferably insulated from the lever 22 and coacting with a contact 31 constituting; a terminal of a circuit controlled by the switch-arm 30. In this case the switch is adapted to be coupled to the worm-gear 24 by a frictional connection.

Between this arm 22 and the worm ear 24 a frictional connection (not shown in detail) may be interposed for the purpose of coupling these parts together, or any other suitable means may be employed for effect-- ing this result. The parts shown are the same as those illustrated in my prior application hereiubelore mentioned. tional connection should always be so adjusted as to permit the arm 22 to slip when the armature 21 is attracted by the relay magnet 19 and also when the long arm of the angle-lever 22 comes in contact with the stop 32. The worm gem? 24 travels slowly in the direction indicated by he arrow in Fig. 17 and henecirbeq ins to return the armature 2i, the lever 22 and the switch-arm 30 to their normal positions shown in said View as soon as the relay vmagnet 19 is deenernized. This slow and regular return movemeut oi? these parts. will be variable in extent, and the length of the movement will depend upon the length of the time-constant This t'ricof the interruption of the signals received If the break in the circuit is the vibrato interruption which separates successive elec trical vibrations the parts 21, 22and 30 will have only a partial stroke, and the switch arm 30 will remain in engagement 'Withthe contact 31. If, however, the interruption is of longer duration, as for exam do, the interruption following a dot or a ash of the Morse or other telegraphic code,the parts 21, 22 and 30 will move a greater-distance corresponding to the greater length of the time-constant of such break as compared with the time-constant or the vibratory in terruption. Usually on the reception or break following a dot or a dash the worm gear will carry the parts 21, 22 i 2., and with it, until the long arm of the lever 22 IS in contact with the stop 32, by which time corresponding to but of diiierent character from those traversing the circuits which include the sources of energy 4, 10, 13 and 20. arm 30 and the contact 31 is in this case a simple one, including only a source of energy 33 and a suitable controlling device, such as the relay magnet 3 This circuit governs the operation of devices for properly receiving an incoming message, all of these device's preferably being embodied in and forming part of the receiving instrnment proper which constitutes the second translating mechanism and is capable of converting the" modified or continuous electrical signals into letters, figures and other characters of language substantially in .the manner hereinbefore described and substantially as disclosed in my prior patent aforesaid. This second translating mechanism is preferably a recording translator. capable of printing on a record medium the characters of language into which the signals are converted, and every movement thereof is controlled in this constrl'lction by the relay magnet 34, said relay governing the operation of a circuit-controlling device, of any suitable type, for making and breaking the circuit of the second translating mechanism to representcontinuous signal elements of the code characters of a telegraphic code. This circuit-controller may be of any suitable type, and it is illustrated herein as the armature lever of a. sounder 36, this device having been used by me, in my early .experiments, for this work, as a matter of convenience. This armature lever, when the relay magnet 34 energized, closes the main break in the circuit of the second trans- The circuit controlled by the swltch "9 lating mechanism,'this break being between the-contacts 37 WVhenever this break is closed the second translating mechanism will be brought into action and will choose a characterrselecting component corresponding inlength and position to the electrical signal received and also corresponding to the time-constant of such signal; and whenever the circuit between the contacts 37 is broken after being thus made the second translat-; ing instrument will also be operated to select a function ormovement corresponding to a break in the circuit and to the time-constant of snchbrealcv Referring now particularly to Fig. 1 and; .to Figs. 12 to 15 inclusive, it will be seen that in they first of these views allof the parts of the first and second translating; mechanisms are as a matter of convenienceg mounted on a common base 38 and consti- .tutepinthis embodiment of the inventioni a single receiving apparatus or instrument; Themain sub-mechanisms mounted on theg base-plate 38 are the first translating mech-* anism, the details of construction of which have been hereinbefore described and which. is designated generally by 39; the sounder; 36 just referred to; the motor 26 which will; preferably control both the first translating mechanism and the analytic portion of the second translating mechanism; the analytic,

mechanism which constitutes one of the two' main elements of the second translating;

mechanism and is designated generally by; 40; the synthetic mechanism which consti-f' tutesthe second main element of the second, translating. mechanism and is designated;

.generally by 41, and certain other devices? independent sub-mechanism ordevice, all! of the larger elements being mounted on; their own sub-bases and secured to the main base 38.

The first element of the second translating mechanism to ,be operated .by the continuous signals converted by the first translating mechanism 39 is the analytic mechanism 40, the details of which are shown most clearly in Figs. 12 to 15 inclusive. This analytic mechanism. is similar in function to that shown in my aforesaid patent, but. the construction is different and the analysis of the incoming signals is performed-more perfectly. Two selectors are employed, one of which is controlled by one of the signal components or elements and the otherz-of which is controlled by the complementary signal component or element,

one ofsaid selectors being operated in this case'each time that a make of the circuit is .received by the analytic mechanism, and

the other selector being operated each time the circuit is broken after the reception of said patent, a driver moving at asubstan-' tially constant speed, and suitable means for connecting each selector and the driver on the reception of the signal element controlling such selector. In the machine shown in these drawings this driver is a feed-screw 42. It may be rotated continuously at a substantially constant speedin any suitable manner, and in this case is fast on a shaft 43 'ournaledin a pair. of uprights in the form oi ing driven from the armatureshaft of the motor 26 by suitable connections, such as band-wheels 46 and 47 connected by a crossed belt 48. This feed-screw 42 is of sufficient length'to operate the selectors distancescor-- responding to the time-constants of their signal components of greatest lengths and preferably has a plurality of coarse screwthreads with any one ofwhich a. selector may engage when brought into action. By

means of this feed-screw a relatively rapid.

plates 44 and 45, the shaft be:-

rotation of the driving means imparted to' the feed-screw as a rotary movement is converted intoa relatively slow feed movement by the screw-threads. The selectors which I employ in this machine are preferably re ciprocatcry in straight lines and slid'eback and forth on guides parallel with the'axis of rotation of thefeed-screw 42. These guides are shown at 49 and 50 as rods rectangular in cross section but pivoted at their ends so as to be capable of oscillation. In order to permit freedom of movement of these guides lpreter to support them on needle-bearings, needle-pointed screws 51 and 52 being shown for this purpose, these screws being passed through uprights 44 and 45. Onthe rectan- L gular or squared portions of the guides 49 and 50 are mounted the selectors, which are designated generally by 53 and 54. The

first of these is brou ht into en a ement 2:! a b H with the feed-screw 42 each time that an,

electrical impulse is received, and the second brought into engagement with the feed screw and the first is shifted out of action when the complementary signal element, or

break, is received. In the construction illns tratetl, each of these selectors has two main elements, one of which is,a feed element or feed-arm adapted to coact directly with the threads of thefeed-screw 42, and

the other of which is the selecting element proper and is in the form of a contact-arm adapted to..eweep over a series of contacts or equivalent elements and select a particular one corresponding to the signal element by which the selector is brought into action. The feed elements of the selectors 53 and 54.-

are designated respectively by 55 and 56 and;

are here shown lingers having hubs formed with squared openings fitting the square guides 49 and 50 and adapted to travel therealong freely but without turning.

thereon. At points adjacent to the feedscrew 42 these feed elements or fingers and 56 have threaded portions adapted to coact with and complementary to the screwthreads of feed-screw.

In this case I each feed element has a single screw-thread adapted to engage in any groove of the feedscrew, and the two feed elements are shown coacting with opposite sides of the feedsc *ew.

Each feed element carries the other;

main element of the selector, to wit, the se-' lecti'ng element proper, this being in the present construction a spring contact-arm secured to the feed element. tact-arms are designated respectively by 57 These two conand 58 and are fastened to their respective feed elements by means of screws.

Each, perforated near its upper end and is located laterally by means of a guide-pin carried by; the feed element and passing through such} perforation. These guide-pins are desig nated 59 and 60. In order that the selectors may slide freely on their guide-rods, each feed element is preferably fastened to a relatively long sleeve, the hubs of the'feed elements being extended as shown at 61 and 62 to form such sleeves.

These two selectors and 54 are oscillated by the squared,

guides 49 and 50 each time that a signal component influences the receiving instrument, and means are employed for operating said selectors reciprocally so that when one is in engagement with the feed-screw the other-will always be out of engagement.

These movements of the selectors are preferably controlled by an electromagnet, such as 63, which constitutes the main analytic magnet and is operated hy every electrical signal element which influences the second translating mechanism. Each time thatthis magnet is energized and attracts its armature, which is designated by 64-, it operates both of the selectors reciprocally in the manner just described, that is to say, it throws one of them into engagementwith the feedscrew and the other out or engagement, the feed element being engaged with the threads of the feed-screw 42 when the magnot is energized and the feed element 56 being engaged with such feed-screw when the magnet is deenergized. The armature 64 is secured in this construction to a lever '65 pivoted near its center, this'lever being formed by two arms 66 and 67 secured to a' short shaft 68 journaled at one end in the upright 44 and at the other end in a bracketi 69 secured to the upright 45. The arm 67 of this lever is forked and so shaped as to form an actuator for apair of rock-arms 70 and 71 extending from and secured to the guide-rods 49 and 50. These rock-arms con-' stitute the means for transmitting movement to the guide-rods 49 and 50 for oscillating the selectors into and out of engagement vith the feed-screw alternately. rock-arm also has a pin projecting laterally therefrom, these pins being shown at 72 and 73. Said pins coact with a pair of spring arms H and 7 5 fastened to one side of the forked arm 67 of the lever 65. The ends of the forked portions of the arm 67 are so shaped as to bear on the upper and lower sides respectively of the rock-arms 70 and T1, the parts being so organized that the into engagement with the feed-screw, while the rigid portions of the rock-arm 67 will disengage their respective selectors at the proper times. The lever is retracted in the usual manner on the deenergization of the magnet 63, a spring 76 hein shown for this purpose. Accuracy of adyustrnent oi the relative positions of the lower ends of the contact-arms 5.7 and .58 and the contacts provision should be made for obtaining a fine adjustment ofisuch relative positions. This I prefer to accomplish by adjustin' the sleeves 61 and 62on'the guide-rods 4 and 50. This adjustment-is obtained by providing adjustable stops for determining the that is, the positions they occupy when not in action. In this construction the hubs to and by means of which they are keyed to the guide-rods are relatively long and are screw-threaded, thesehubs bein designated by 77 and 78. On-the'se threaded portions of the,.hubs are mounted adjustable stop.- nuts, suchas 79 and 80, the inner ends of which constitute stop-walls for locating the sleeves '61 and 62 in their normal positions. By turning said stop-nuts 7 9 and 80 a fine adjustmentof the positions of the contact ends of the arms 57 and 58 relative to the contacts over which they sweep may be ef-- footed. The direction of feed of either feed feed-screw 42 is from the left to the right as seen in Fig. 13. The return movements of these feed elements when released from the teed-screws may be effected quickly by means of springs, such as 81 and '82, each of which is secured at its opposite ends to a fixed point and to the long sleeve of its selector. The contacts with which the selecting arms 57 and 58 coact are here shown as supported by a bracket 83 fastened to the base of. the analytic mechanism below the feed-screw. This bracket supports in this Each springs will force their respective selectorsover which they sweep is essential, and somenormal positions of the sleevesfil and 62,.

which the rock-arms and 71 are attached element 55 or 56 when in contact with the:

LOO

construction two parallel rows ofcontactsl in position to be engaged the one by'the con-I tact-arm 57 and the other by the contact arm 58. The contacts which correspondto' and represent the makes of the circuit are mounted'on the shank of a screw 84; fastened to the upright portion of the bracket 83', andthe contacts which represent the complemen t ary elements or breaks of the circuit are I 6 mounted on .the'shank of a similar screw:85.

secured to the bracket 83' in the same manner. On the shanks of these screws are placed two rows of contacts separatedby insulation and spaced at proper distances apart to.'represent the different time;

constants of the different complementary,; or electrical and non-electrical, comp nents or' elements of the signals which influence the main analytic mechanism 63. These contacts are in this case in the form of washers which are slipped on the shanks of the screws 84 and 85. and

are separated by insulating washers, the metallic-washers and the insulating washers being fl'smlyjheld together between the heads of the screws and thebracket by'said' screws themselves. In this case the screw 8a has three metal washers, which areidesignated respectively by 86, 87 and 88.; These con. tacts represent respectively the ordinary dash, the longerdashwhich ire resents the letter L in the Morsecode, an 'the longest dash representing;the cipher 0 in said code, no contact being necessary to represent the shortest electrical signal or dot. These three contacts are so placed as to be selected respectively only when the selecting arm'57 has a feed movement corresponding to the time-constant of the electrical signal ele ment represented by the particular. contact to be brought into action, In a similar manner, the shank of the screw '85 carries three insulated contacts 89, 90 and 91, representing three diflerent signal elements or components complementary to those repre-,

sentedby the contacts 86 87 and 88, and also of diiferent lengths. These contacts represent respectively in this system the extra break which-occurs within some code characters, the break which occurs at the end of a letter, and the break at the end of a word. The second contact 90 also represents and .controls the printing function. All of these contacts; are connected by suitable conductors with various elements of the synthetic .lnGCllitIllSIIh; which will now be described.

The synthetic mechanism constituting the second main element of the second translating. mechanism is shown in detail in Figs. 2 to 11 inclusive. Referring, to these. figures and to Fig. 1, 92 is a rotary member or shaft whichis continuously driven, preferably from the armature-shaft 25, by suitable connections, such as a pair of pulleys 93 and .94 connectedby a crossed belt 95,.

shaft 92 is journaled in bearings, such as .96, 97' and 98, and extends substantially from end to end of the synthetic mechanism and carries or coiiperates with the main elements for. choosing character-selectin signa s received by the magnet=-63f The pulley, 94 is loosely mounted on-"the shaft.

92 and has secured thereto at the hub portion thereof a block99 to which are fastened in such a manner as to rotate at oppo= blocks 101. These friction. members engage the inner side of the ban-g1 of a friction drum 102, Whichis loosely mounted on the shaft 92 and maybe'separated from the block 99" releasedwhil'e the spring is under tension, and the frictional connection between the pulley 94. and the shaft92 permits said components corresponding to the vsitesides of the} shaft 92 a pair. of s"r1ngarms 100 carryingat the outer sides 0 their free ends: frictiOrif-"niembers; such felt shaft to be stopped instantly and also prevents excessive tensioning of the spring. The tension of the spring arm's 'may'be regulated by means of adjusting-screws 104. Near the center thereof the shaft 92 1 has secured thereto an arm which at its free 'end is shaped to form aitoothand is adapted to coact with and be held by acomplementary locking member controlled by the main synthetic magnetr". This main synthetic magnet is shownfat 106 andis operated each time that animpulse is received by the relay magnet 34, thecircuits both to the main 'analytlc 'and-wmain' synthetic magnets 63 and 106 "being closed simullocking member which engages thearm 105 is 'in' this construction a, ratchet crownwheel, and is designated by 1072 This crown-wheelie ecured to a sleeve 108 which "is mounted to 'slidefreely on the "shaft '92 taneously by the armature-.lver-35. .The

but is prevented from rotating by .connections to the armature of the main synthetic magnet 106. The armature of said'magnet f ;is designatedby 109and is secured t'o'a shiftmg-levehllO having a long sleeve 111 mounted on a', vertical post 112 rising from the sub-base l13'of the synthetic mecha: nism, this base 113 being elevated'above the main base by feet 114, so as to leave a clear,

space between them for certain magnets and other parts. The shifting lever 110 isforked at its free end to straddle the hub of the crown-wheel 107 and is pivoted to the hub of said wheel in the well-known. manner. By means of this pivoted connection the crown-wheel may be shifted back and forth on the shaft 92 a sul'licient distance to release and reengage the coacting arm 105. This shifting-lever will release said locking crown-wheel from the stop-arm 105 each time that the main synthetic magnet 106 is encrgizcd. The shifting-lever 110 also has secured thereto a circuit-controlling: arm 1.15 which engages a contact 116 controlling a locking circuit which will be hereinafter described. he shaft 92 also carries a sleeve 11? which rotata ble therewith and is also movable therealong a distance corresponding to the imum nuinlier of periods or impulses in a code character. The lon est characters of the Morse code contain sir; electrical signal components or elements, .uid the sleeve 11? is in this macl'iine shifted one step for each electrical impulse of a code character. The usual pin-andslot connection may be employech as shown in Fig. 2, for permitting this step-by step movement of the sleeve 11?. This sleeve, in the present construction, the principal selector or choosing character-selecting components corres 'ionding to the electrical signal components of the signals which energize the main synthetic magnet This main selector is here shown as ii linger 118 secured to one end of the sleeve 117. The stcp-bystep movement of this selector and its sleeve is effected by means oii connections between them and the armature of tlie main synthetic magnet 106, which magnet each energization thereof will operate means for importing a movement to said sleeve and selector, thereby shifting said selector to successive positions corresponding to the successive periods of a code character. The means shown herein for imparting this step-by-step movement to main selector an escapcmcnt mechanism controlled by the shifting-lever 110. The main elements of this .escapement mechanism are a rack segment and a pair of feed-dogs, one of which is fixed and the other movable, which dogs coact with the rack-segment in a man ner similar to the corresponding parts of the feed mechanism of a typcwriting machine. Thc rack-segment is designated 115-) (see Fig. 10) and is secured to the free end of a shitting-lever 1.20 similar to that shown at 110, the lever 120 having; a relatively long hub 121 which is supported on a. base 122 (see Fi 4). The free end of the shifting-lever 120 is also forked and is pro vided with pins which enter a groove in a collar 123 at that end of the sleeve 117 opposite the main selector'118, this construction permitting shifting of the sleeve lengthwise (if its axis in a well-known mannet while'the selector is rotating. The racksegment 119 is secured. to the extended un der side of the forked end of the shiftinglever 120, and each time that the main synthetic magnet 1.06 is energized. a feed movement of the raclnsegment will be indicated. The means for operating the dogs which coact with the rack-segment 119 are clearly shown in 2, -1 and 10, Here an anglelever 1241, which also has a relatively long sleeve, is mounted on vertical stud 125, the short arm of this angle-lever being bifurcated] and embracing a pin 126 fixed to and depending from the shifting-lever 110. The long arm of said angledever has at its end a lined feed-dog 127 and carries a pivoted yielding feed-dog 128 (see also Fig. 11) which, when in its normal position is in contact with a stop 129 in fixed relation with the fixed feed-dog 127. The movable feed-dog r rned to its normal position in the usual mannc a. spring 130 being shown for this P11113056 The feed-dogs and the rack-segment are so. organized that a. feed movement indicated each time the shifting'dever 110 is attracted on the energization of the magnet 106, but the movement of the raclosegment; and of the sleeve 117 and the main selector 118 connected therewith, will not take place until said magnet is denergized and the shiftinglever 110 has moved for enough on its return stroke to lock the stop-arm 105 and the crown-whecl together again. Any suitable source of power may be employed to ei'l ect this feed movement, a spring 131 connected to the shifting-lever 120 and to a fixed point being employed for this purpose. The shitting-lever 120 also carries for movement in unison therewith a cirwit-controlling arm 132 which controls a break in another controlling circuit hereinafter to be described. At the end of a series of feed movements corresponding to the number of periods in the code char-- acter received, the rack-segment 119 should be restored to its original position, and this is accomplished in the present construction by means of a restoring solenoid 133 the core of which is connected with said ing-levcr, the connector shown being a screw 13 1 having a journal portion at its lower end. The spring 131 is strong enough to shift the core 135 Of the solenoid time that the rack-segment is moved'a step, but the pull of the solenoid is of course superior to that of said spring. In addition to governing the circuit-controlling arm 132 and a pair of insulating contacts 136 and 137 in the path of said arm, the shifting-lever 120 also controls apair of insulated contacts, such as 138 and 139, the function of which will be hereinafter described.

" The main selector 118 construction witha' plurality of charactershift- 133 each cooperates in this 20 the pin-142.

40 and 154 which represent 45'scribed. The mode of 55 of rotation of said finger,

selecting components arranged about the axis of the shaft 92. These character-selecting components are preferably in the form of pins, most of which are fixed pins, such as v140, but seine of which are shiftable into and out of the path of movement of the selector 118. The movable character-select ing components or pins are in this case two in number and are designated respectively 141 and 142. Both of these normally project into the interior of a drum 143, which I prefer to employ as a carrier for all of said charactenselecting components or pins. The pin 141 is an ordinary dash pin representing the-shOrtestdash in the Morse code and is normally in position to indicate the selection of a corresponding character-selecting component, but when retracted permits the .main selector 118 to pass byrit and strike In this manner the pin 141 when withdrawn controls the selection of a character-selecting component representing a dash .of greater length than the ordinary dash of the Morse code and is controlled by such long dash when the long dash signal is received. In a similar man er the pin l42 when Withdrawn .permits the main selector to pass by it and be stopped against the next fixed pin in the same row, which represents the longest dash inthe Morse code and is controlled by the longest signal received by the instrument. These two pins are preferably operated by connections, such as 144 and 145, to a pair of angle-levers 14-6 and 147 secured to spindles 148 and 149 pivoted in blocks 150 beneath the base 113 of the synthetic mechanism. These angle-levers 146 and 147 are secured to the armatures 151 and 152 of a pair of electromagnets 153 and are governed respectively by the two different long dashes or electrical signal components of the Morse code. The connections to these magnets for energizing the same will be hereinafter dearranging the fixed and movable pins carried by thsvflrum 143 is illustrated in Fig. 16, which I 111 also be hereafter described, and most of these pinsare omitted from the other views for the sake of clearness. These character-selecting components! or pins just described are all supported by the drum 143 in such a manner as to project into the path of the main selector or finger 118 when theyare in the plane and all of said pins may in this case be of the same length.

Both the dots and the ordinary dashes of a code system are represented by the pins carried by the drum 143, and the pins as a 6 whole are divided into two main groups of six rows each, arranged in two overlapping sets the rows of which are equidistant from one another, the two main sets of six rows each being so combined as to form in the clearby referring to Fig. 16. Each of these rows contains either dot or ordinary dash. pins or both. In order that-each of these two main sets may be brought into proper operative relation with the main selector 118 without varying the hercinbefore described step-bys tep feed movement of said selector, I provide means in this construction for shifting the drum 143 from a normal position, in which, in this case, the dot pins in their proper positions and the dash pins are one period out of proper position, to another position in which the dash pin will be in proper position and the dot pins or components-will be one step out of proper position. This movement is in this case lengthwise of the axis of rotation of the selector 118 and may be effected by means of a shifting-lever 155 having a pin 156 which Works in a groove in a collar 157 forming in this instance part of the hub of the drum 143 and constituting with a sleeve 158 forming a continuationthereof, means for permitting said drum to slide freely 'on the shaft The shifting move ment of the drum 143 for bringing the dash components thereof .into action is toward. the leftin Fig. 2, that is to say, it is in the direction of feed of themain selector 118, thismovement of the drum serving to bring the rows of dash components into the positions normally occupied by the rows of dot components. This will be clear by referring to the diagram in Fig. 16. The shiftinglever 15 5 has a long hub 159 mounted on a vertical stud 160 rising from the base -113 in this case to the armature 161 of the elec' tromagnet 162 which constitutes the means for selecting the dash components corresponding to dash signals received by the instrument.

In addition to the shift movement just described the drum 143 preferably has another shift movement to provide for the proper translation of code characters which, as in the Morse system, have extra spaces in the character. The drum 143 will therefore have two shift movements from its normal position, the second shift movement being preferably in the opposite direction to that just described, that is to say, it is in a direction the ,reverse of the f the main selector 118. The extent of this second. shift movement is, thesame as the first [shift movement, that is to say, it is a movement of one step. The shifting-lever eed movement of 155 constitutes a convenient means for also 65 a re ate seven rows of ins as will rbefij acters. Each time that such a. s ace is indi- Be g P P cated in a code character received by the instrument said magnet 164 will be energized, by means which will be hereinafter described, to oscillate the shifting-lever 155 v in the opposite direction to that in which it is oscillated by the dash magnet 162, thereby shifting the drum 143 and all of its character-selecting components back one step. In these shift 'movements of the drum 1&3

the shiftable pins 141 and 142 controlling the long dashes representing the L and O in the Morse code maintain their relative positions to the drum and the other pins and oscillate about their points of connection' with the angle-levers 146 and 1 17, as will'be clear by referring to Fig. 10. Movement of the drum 143 in a rotary direction about the axis of the shaft 92 is prevented in this construction by a pin 165 carried by a post 166 risingfrom the base 113 and by a forked member 167 secured to said drum and embracing the pin- 165, this pin being long enough to permit the drum to assume any of its three positions lengthwise of the shaft 92. The two shift positions of the lever 155 maybe accurately determined by means of adjusting screws, such as 168 and 169, 'This lever i its normal position is 'clear of said adjus ing-screws and of the 31) poles of the two magnets 162 and 164:, as will be seen by referring to Fig. 2, and in this case is held in said normal position by means of a spring 170 connecting a pair of short levers,.the free ends of which are in enga ement with a depending arm 171 secure to the free end of the lever 155., The two short levers connected by the spring 170 are designated 172 and 173 and are pivoted on a plate 174 secured to the upper end of 0 a pair of posts 175 rising from the base 118. The normal positions of'these twolevers 172 and 173 are indicated in Fig. 2, they being at such time in contact with stops, such as the pins176and 177 fastened to the plate 174. The spring 170 is of sufiicient strength to hold all three of the levers 1'5}, 172 and 173 in their -no-rmal positions "and return them thereto when not operated on'"'by other elements. The arm 171 depending from the free end of the lever 155 carries at its lower. end a pair of bypass pawls 178 and 179 (see particularly Fig. v8) these pawls being pivoted in this case on a plate 180 constitutingan extension of the ai'in 171. A spring 181 serves'to fprce the upper ends of these pawls normally outward beneath the under sides of a pair of levers 182 and 183 (see Figs. 5 and 8). Whenever the dash magnet 162 is operated the arm 171 is forced to the '60 right in Fig, 8 and the pawl 179 moves away from its lever 183 at such time and the end of the lever 183 is depressed. \Vhen the arm 171 is moved to the left in ,aaid figure, on the operation of the space Triagnet-1'64, the awl: 178 moves away. from its lever 1'82 and. said'lever is depressed in the same manner as the lever 183. The two lcvcrs 182 and 183 are in this construction carried by an insulating block 18%: secured to the base 113, and serving normally to close respectively a pair of circuits through two different pairs of contacts also secured to said insulating block and all insulated from one another. The levers 182 and 183 are insulated at the points where they en- '75 gage the lower contacts and their respective sets (see Fig. 5). The contacts of these sets are designated respectively 185, 186, 187 and 188. Theprincipal object of these contacts is normally to close circuits controlling the 30 action of the magnets 162 and 16 1, They also serve, by their resiliency, to depress the respective levers 182 and 188 when released by. the corresponding pawls 17 8 and 17 9.

There are no code characters in the Morse code in which a dash. occurs after an extra space, and similarly there are no code characters in said code in which an extra space occurs after a dash. Because of this 1 provide means for preventing the energization of the dash magnet 162 in any code character after the spacing magnet 16 1 has been operated and for preventing the energization of the spacing magnet 164-in a code character after the dash magnet 162 has opc'ratcd in the same character. I accomplish this result by depressing the lever 183 in the manner just described whenever the dash magnet 162 is operated, the pawl 179 releasing said lever at such time, thusbreaking the circuit of the contacts 187 and 1.88 and preventing the energization of the spacing magnet 16.4. which such contacts control.

hen the spacing magnet 164: is operated the lever 182 is depressed, as before stated, the pawl 17 8 moving inward and releasing said lever at such time, thus breaking the circuit to the contacts 185 and 186 and preventing the energization of the dash magnet 162, whichsuch contacts control. The levers 182 and 183 thus operate reciprocally for each series of signals representing a code character, the organization of the mechanical parts and the connections .of the circuits being such as to prevent'the release of both levers during the reception of the signals of a single code character, that circuit which is first closed through the contacts 185, 186,

or 187 and 188 serving to prevent the closure of a circuit through the other two contacts. In this construction said levers 182 and 183 are depressed by the contacts 186 and 188 respectively, which are shown (see Fig. 5) as spring arms. The other movement of the levers 182 and 188, to wit, the elevation thereof, is effected in any s'uitable manner after a series of signals representing a code character has been received, they being restored to their normal positions, in whim-they close the contacts 185, 

